GIỚI TỪ (PREPOSITIONS)
* PHẦN I: LÝ THUYẾT
A. Definition
Giới từ là từ hay cụm từ thường được dùng trước danh từ hay đại từ để chỉ mối liên hệ giữa các từ này với các thành phần khác trong câu.
B. Kinds of prepositions
I. PREPOSITIONS OF TIME: (Giới từ chỉ thời gian)
- On
On Sunday (morning) / 25th April / New Year’s Day …
On holiday / business / duty / a trip / an excursion / fire / sale / a diet…
- In
In April / 1980
In summer / spring / autumn / winter
In five minutes / a few days / two years
In the morning / afternoon / evening
- At
At 8 o’clock / the weekend / night / Christmas
At the end of ... / at the age of
- From...to...
From 1977 to 1985
- Since
Since 1985 / Monday / 2 o’clock
- For
For three days / a long time / one hour.
II. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE: (Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn, địa điểm)
- On
On a table / a wall / a bus / a train / a plane / the floor / a horse / television / the radio / the telephone
- In
In a garden / a park / a town / the water / my office / hospital / a car
In the middle of...
- At
At home / work / school / university / the station / the airport / a concert / a party / a football match
At 10 Pasteur Street
- By
By car / bus / plane (on foot)
By accident / chance : tình cờ, ngẫu nhiên
- For
For a walk / a swim / a drink
For breakfast / lunch / dinner
(*) Some other prepositions :
- From : từ … Ex : I am from Vietnam, I get the book from the man
- From … to … : từ … đến . Ex: From 4 o’clock to 6 o’clock; from my house to school
- Next to = near : ở cạnh Ex: I live near her house
- Behind : ở phía sau Ex: the shop is behind the postoffice
- In front of : ở trước Ex: my house is in front of the school
- On : ở trên Ex :the book is on the table
- Under : ở dưới Ex : the pen is under the book
- In the middle of : ở giữa. Ex :the tree is in the middle of the yard
- In : ở trong Ex: he is in the room
- Out : ở ngoài Ex: he is out of the room
- Opposite : đối diện Ex: my house is opposite the shop
III. VERB + NOUN + PREP: (Động từ + danh từ + giới từ)
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- give way to : nhượng bộ, chịu thua - give place to : nhường chỗ cho - lose sight of : mất hút, không nhìn thấy nữa - lose track of : mất dấu vết - lose touch with: mất liên lạc với - make allowance for: xét đến, chiếu cố - make use of : dùng, tận dụng - make fun of : chọc ghẹo, chế nhạo - make room for : dọn chỗ cho - make a fuss over / about: làm om xòm về |
- catch sight of : thoáng thấy - keep pace with : theo kịp - pay attention to : chú ý đến - put a stop to : put an end to: chấm dứt - set fire to: burn : phóng hỏa - take advantage of : lợi dụng - take care of : chăm sóc - take account of : quan tâm tới, lưu ý tới - take note of : lưu ý đến - take notice of : chú ý thấy, nhận thấy |
IV. VERB + PREP: (Động từ + giới từ)
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1. VERB + TO - apologize to sb for sth - belong to - complain to sb about sb / sth - happen to - introduce to - listen to - speak / talk to sb - write to - prefer ... to ... - explain ... to ... - invite ... to ... |
2. VERB + FOR - apply for - care for - pay for - look for - wait for - blame ... for - leave ... for - search ... for - ask ... for
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3. VERB + ABOUT - care about - dream about sb / sth - think about - hear about: be told about - warn ... about
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4. VERB + ON - concentrate on / focus on - depend on / rely on - live on - congratulate ... on - spend ... on |
5. VERB + OF - consist of - die of - take care of - accuse ... of - remind ... of |
6. VERB + AT - laugh at / smile at - shout at - look at / stare at / glance at - point at / aim at
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7. VERB + IN - succeed in - arrive in / at |
8. VERB + WITH - provide ... with - charge ... with |
9. VERB + FROM - suffer ... from / borrow ... from - save / protect / prevent ... from |
V. ADJECTIVE + PREP: (Tính từ + giới từ)
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1. ADJ + TO - accustomed to - addicted to - harmful to - similar to / agreeable to - good / nice / kind / polite / rude /….to sb - important to |
2. ADJ + FOR - available for - responsible for - famous for - late for |
3. ADJ + ABOUT - angry about - anxious about - worried about - excited about |
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4. ADJ + ON - keen on - dependent on
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5. ADJ + OF - afraid of / full of - aware of / tired of - ashamed of - capable of |
6. ADJ + AT - surprised at - quick at - bad / good at - brilliant at |
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7. ADJ + IN - confident in - successful in - interested in - rich in |
8. ADJ + WITH - equipped with - bored with - busy with - acquainted with |
9. ADJ + FROM - different from - absent from - safe from
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* PHẦN II: BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG
Choose the correct prepositions.
1. She was very surprised __________ the grade she received.
A. at B on C. of D. about
2. Tom’s grandfather died __________ 1977 __________ the age of 79.
A. for/at B. on/in C. at/in D. in/at
3. Jane doesn't spend much money __________ clothes.
A. over B. about C. at D. on
4. She always takes good care __________ her children.
A. for B. in C. of D. with
5. There are usually a lot of parties__________ New Year’s Eve.
A. in B for C. on D. with
6. Mr. Smith is not accustomed ________ hot weather.
A. to B. at C. for D. in
7. Tom has to try hard to keep pace __________ his classmates.
A. to B. with C. at D. for
8. The librarian advised us to take full advantage__________ all the facilities available.
A. of B. at C. for D. about
9. Don't make fun __________ that disabled boy.
A. upon B. in C. to D. of
10. Did you know that Linda is engaged __________ a friend of mine?
A. to B. at C. for D. towards
11. She stood there, saying nothing until she lost sight __________the plane.
A. to B. of C. inside D. about
12. The Vietnamese participants always take part ______sports events with great enthusiasm.
A. in B. on C. at D. to
13. He isn’t independent _____ any means. He depends _____ his father _____ everything.
A. by/ on/ in B. for/ on/ in C. of/ in/ for D. on/ in/ with
14. He may be quick _____ understanding but he isn’t capable _____ remembering anything.
A. in/ of B. on/ at C. at/ of D. of/ at
15. Mum is always busy __________ her work in the laboratory.
A. with B. at C. in D. of
16 Lan will stay there _____ the beginning in September _____ November.
A. from/ to B. till/ to C. from/ in D. till/ of
17. I would like to apply _____ the position of sales clerk that you advised in the Sunday newspaper.
A. for B. to C. with D. in
18. I have been looking _____ this book for months, and at last, I have found it.
A. over B. up C. for D. at
19. My sister is very keen _____ eating chocolate candy.
A. on B. with C. about D. at
20. Who’s going to look _____ the children while you’re away?
A. at B. up C. after D. over
21. I’m not going out yet. I’m waiting __________the rain to stop.
A. for B. away C. from D. up
22. Sorry I haven’t written __________ you for such a long time.
A. into B. to C. for D. round
23. Who was that man I saw you talking __________in the pub?
A. up B. back C. from D. to
24. What happened __________the gold watch you used to have?
A. with B. against C. for D. to
25. I look stupid with this haircut. Everyone will laugh __________me.
A. in B. at C. into D. away
26. George’s salary is very low. It isn’t enough to live __________
A. about B. round C. on D. down
27. I’ve lost my keys. Can you help me look __________them?
A. up B. after C. for D. into
28. I believe __________saying what I think.
A. on B. in C. with D. for
29. When I realized I was wrong, I apologized to him __________my mistake.
A. at B. for C. up D. before
30. Would you care _________a cup of coffee?
A. for B. about C. of D. with
31. When I heard he had passed his examination, I phoned him to congratulate him ____his success.
A. back B. over C. on D. with
32. Three students were accused _________cheating in the examination.
A. on B. off C. with D. of
33. We had an enormous meal. It consisted_________seven courses.
A. off B. of C. in D. up
34. I’m really satisfied _________.what I have.
A. with B. along C. back D. out
35. I feel sorry __________ Bob. He has no friends and no money.
A. with B. about C. for D. by
36. I’m sorry __________the noise last night. We’re having a party.
A. with B. about C. for D. by
37. I wasn’t very impressed __________the film.
A. back B. up C. by D. through
38. I’m sure you are capable __________passing the examination.
A. round B. along C. among D. of
39. Are you interested __________art and architecture.
A. from B. for C. up D. in
40. Mary is very fond __________animals. She has three cats and two dogs.
A. about B. since C. of D. between
41. We are grateful ________ our teacher
A. with B. about C. to D. out
42. I’m a bit short __________money. Can you lend me some?
A. at B. over C. of D. down
43. I was amazed __________her knowledge of French Literature.
A. by B. about C. of D. off
44. He is excellent __________playing the flute.
A. at B. over C. to D. behind
45. Why are you always so jealous __________other people?
A. on B. of C. in D. below
46. He was proud __________himself for not giving up.
A. of B. during C. after D. under
47. Are you excited __________going on holiday next week?
A. into B. about C. above D. over
48. You get fed up __________doing the same thing every day.
A. between B. up C. against D. with
49. I’m really satisfied _________what I have.
A. with B. along C. back D. out
50. It’s silly _________you to go out without a coat. You’ll catch cold.
A. to B. of C. since D. by
Suggested answers:
|
1. A |
6. A |
11. B |
16. A |
21. A |
26. C |
31. C |
36. B |
41. C |
46. A |
|
2. D |
7. B |
12. A |
17. A |
22. B |
27. C |
32. D |
37. C |
42. C |
47. B |
|
3. D |
8. A |
13. A |
18. C |
23. D |
28. B |
33. B |
38. D |
43. A |
48. D |
|
4. C |
9. D |
14. C |
19. A |
24. D |
29. B |
34. A |
39. D |
44. A |
49. A |
|
5. C |
10. A |
15. A |
20. C |
25. B |
30. A |
35. C |
40. C |
45. B |
50. B |
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